Golden Rice (GR) has been genetically engineered to be rich in β-carotene for use as a source of vitamin A.
OBJECTIVE:
The objective was to compare the vitamin A value of β-carotene in GR and in spinach with that of pure β-carotene in oil when consumed by children.
OBJECTIVE:
The objective was to compare the vitamin A value of β-carotene in GR and in spinach with that of pure β-carotene in oil when consumed by children.
DESIGN:
Children (n = 68; age 6-8 y) were randomly assigned to consume GR or spinach (both grown in a nutrient solution containing 23 atom% (2)H(2)O) or [(2)H(8)]β-carotene in an oil capsule. The GR and spinach β-carotene were enriched with deuterium ((2)H) with the highest abundance molecular mass (M) at M(β-C)+(2)H(10). [(13)C(10)]Retinyl acetate in an oil capsule was administered as a reference dose. Serum samples collected from subjects were analyzed by using gas chromatography electron-capture negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry for the enrichments of labeled retinol: M(retinol)+4 (from [(2)H(8)]β-carotene in oil), M(retinol)+5 (from GR or spinach [(2)H(10)]β-carotene), and M(retinol)+10 (from [(13)C(10)]retinyl acetate).
Children (n = 68; age 6-8 y) were randomly assigned to consume GR or spinach (both grown in a nutrient solution containing 23 atom% (2)H(2)O) or [(2)H(8)]β-carotene in an oil capsule. The GR and spinach β-carotene were enriched with deuterium ((2)H) with the highest abundance molecular mass (M) at M(β-C)+(2)H(10). [(13)C(10)]Retinyl acetate in an oil capsule was administered as a reference dose. Serum samples collected from subjects were analyzed by using gas chromatography electron-capture negative chemical ionization mass spectrometry for the enrichments of labeled retinol: M(retinol)+4 (from [(2)H(8)]β-carotene in oil), M(retinol)+5 (from GR or spinach [(2)H(10)]β-carotene), and M(retinol)+10 (from [(13)C(10)]retinyl acetate).
RESULTS:
Using the response to the dose of [(13)C(10)]retinyl acetate (0.5 mg) as a reference, our results (with the use of AUC of molar enrichment at days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after the labeled doses) showed that the conversions of pure β-carotene (0.5 mg), GR β-carotene (0.6 mg), and spinach β-carotene (1.4 mg) to retinol were 2.0, 2.3, and 7.5 to 1 by weight, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:
The β-carotene in GR is as effective as pure β-carotene in oil and better than that in spinach at providing vitamin A to children. A bowl of ∼100 to 150 g cooked GR (50 g dry weight) can provide ∼60% of the Chinese Recommended Nutrient Intake of vitamin A for 6-8-y-old children. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00680212.
Full text pdf here
Source
Carotenoids and Health Laboratory, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA.
@ β-Carotene in Golden Rice is as good as β-car... [Am J Clin Nutr. 2012] - PubMed - NCBI:
Fox News has a good story:
Genetically modified rice a good vitamin A source
Update
As also does the New Scientist
Nutrient-boosted Golden Rice should be embraced
15 August 2012
“Latest updates on Golden Rice, safety, efficacy and availability from IRRI #GMO #GMOs #VitaminA #Nutrition #biotech http://bit.ly/UyuyZA”
At IRRI:
Is Golden Rice safe?
Like other genetically modified (GM) crops, Golden Rice is undergoing rigorous safety evaluations by regulators throughout its development. For example, in the Philippines, all GM research and development under contained conditions are overseen by the Department of Science and Technology - National Committee on Biosafety of the Philippines. The Department of Agriculture’s Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) strictly monitors field trials, coordinates evaluation of biosafety information, and approves GM crops if appropriate.
Golden Rice will be available to farmers and consumers only after it has been determined to be safe for humans, animals, and the environment and authorized for propagation and consumption by the appropriate regulatory authorities. Therefore, Golden Rice, if and when released, will be deemed to be as safe as other rice.
The national regulatory requirements of the Philippines and other countries are based on internationally established guidelines and procedures for the safe use of genetically modified crops, including the Codex Alimentarius, OECD Consensus Documents, and the Cartagena Biosafety Protocol.
For more information, see:
- Codex Alimentarius: Principles and Guidelines for Food Safety Assessment of Foods derived from Modern Biotechnology
- World Health Organization: 20 Questions on genetically modified fods
For more see our Golden Rice FAQ, resources, and links.
Related items
Why are human nutrition studies on Golden Rice necessary? What have they shown?
Multi-location field trials of Golden Rice
What impact will Golden Rice have on organic agriculture?
What impact will Golden Rice have on biodiversity in the places where it is grown? Will it endanger wild rice varieties?
Why is Golden Rice needed in the Philippines since vitamin A deficiency is already decreasing?
Using the response to the dose of [(13)C(10)]retinyl acetate (0.5 mg) as a reference, our results (with the use of AUC of molar enrichment at days 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 after the labeled doses) showed that the conversions of pure β-carotene (0.5 mg), GR β-carotene (0.6 mg), and spinach β-carotene (1.4 mg) to retinol were 2.0, 2.3, and 7.5 to 1 by weight, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS:
The β-carotene in GR is as effective as pure β-carotene in oil and better than that in spinach at providing vitamin A to children. A bowl of ∼100 to 150 g cooked GR (50 g dry weight) can provide ∼60% of the Chinese Recommended Nutrient Intake of vitamin A for 6-8-y-old children. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00680212.
Full text pdf here
Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 Aug 1. [Epub ahead of print]
β-Carotene in Golden Rice is as good as β-carotene in oil at providing vitamin A to children.
Carotenoids and Health Laboratory, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA.
@ β-Carotene in Golden Rice is as good as β-car... [Am J Clin Nutr. 2012] - PubMed - NCBI:
Fox News has a good story:
Genetically modified rice a good vitamin A source
Update
As also does the New Scientist
Nutrient-boosted Golden Rice should be embraced
15 August 2012
ONE of the more unedifying aspects of the fight over genetically modified food has been the unbending opposition of Greenpeace and others to rice that has been modified to help prevent blindness. Golden Rice contains a precursor of vitamin A, deficiency of which blinds an estimated half a million children every year.
Opponents of the rice are not oblivious to the tragedy, but argue there are other solutions. They are correct. One has just been found effective in Uganda - a naturally bred, fortified sweet potato.
Good news, but no single solution will work everywhere. To eradicate preventable blindness, we need as many options as possible. The sweet success of the potato doesn't mean that GM can or should be taken off the menu. So it is also good news that the latest research into Golden Rice bolsters the case for its adoption (see "Nutrient-boosted foods protect ...
“Latest updates on Golden Rice, safety, efficacy and availability from IRRI #GMO #GMOs #VitaminA #Nutrition #biotech http://bit.ly/UyuyZA”
At IRRI:
Is Golden Rice safe?
Like other genetically modified (GM) crops, Golden Rice is undergoing rigorous safety evaluations by regulators throughout its development. For example, in the Philippines, all GM research and development under contained conditions are overseen by the Department of Science and Technology - National Committee on Biosafety of the Philippines. The Department of Agriculture’s Bureau of Plant Industry (BPI) strictly monitors field trials, coordinates evaluation of biosafety information, and approves GM crops if appropriate.
Golden Rice will be available to farmers and consumers only after it has been determined to be safe for humans, animals, and the environment and authorized for propagation and consumption by the appropriate regulatory authorities. Therefore, Golden Rice, if and when released, will be deemed to be as safe as other rice.
The national regulatory requirements of the Philippines and other countries are based on internationally established guidelines and procedures for the safe use of genetically modified crops, including the Codex Alimentarius, OECD Consensus Documents, and the Cartagena Biosafety Protocol.
For more information, see:
- Codex Alimentarius: Principles and Guidelines for Food Safety Assessment of Foods derived from Modern Biotechnology
- World Health Organization: 20 Questions on genetically modified fods
For more see our Golden Rice FAQ, resources, and links.
Related items
Why are human nutrition studies on Golden Rice necessary? What have they shown?
Multi-location field trials of Golden Rice
What impact will Golden Rice have on organic agriculture?
What impact will Golden Rice have on biodiversity in the places where it is grown? Will it endanger wild rice varieties?
Why is Golden Rice needed in the Philippines since vitamin A deficiency is already decreasing?
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